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History of the Kingdom and the Portuguese explorers and settlers, he founded counters and the forts along the coast of Africa since the 15th century, and reached the coast of Angola in the 16 century. The Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais founded Luanda 1575 as "So Paulo de Loanda," and in the region developed as a trade in the slave market with the help of local people local to Imbangala Mbundu slave hunters significant. Trade is mainly with the Portuguese colony of Brazil, the Brazilian ships were the most numerous in the ports of Benguela and Luanda.

At that time, Angola, a Portuguese colony, was actually a colony Brazil, paradoxically another Portuguese colony. A strong Brazilian influence was exercised also by the Jesuits in religion and education. War gradually gave way to trade philosophy. The main trade routes and the agreements that made possible the driving force behind the activities between different areas, from the Warring States become ready to produce and sell. In the Planalto (plateau), States are the most important BI and Bailundo, the latter being known for its production of foodstuffs and rubber. The colonial power Portugal, richer and more powerful, would not tolerate the growth of neighboring countries and presented one by one, so that at the beginning of this century, the Portuguese had control complete over the entire surface. During the Iberian Union (15801640), Portugal has lost influence and power and made new enemies. The Dutch enemy region of Castile, invaded many Portuguese possessions overseas, including Luanda. The Netherlands has decided to Luanda from 1640 to 1648 as Fort Aardenburgh. They were in search of slaves for use in sugar cane plantations in northeastern Brazil (Pernambuco, Olinda, Recife), which also seized Portugal. Juan Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, conquered the Portuguese possessions of San Jorge del Mina, Saint Thomas, and Luanda, Angola on the west coast of Africa. After the dissolution of the Iberian Union in 1640, Portugal to restore its authority over the lost territories of the Portuguese Empire. The Portuguese began the development of municipalities, posts, camps and small wood processing plants. From 1764 to date, there has been a gradual shift from slave society to a system based on production for domestic consumption and export. Meanwhile, Brazil's independence in 1822, the slave trade was abolished in 1836 and 1844, the ports of Angola, opened to foreign navigation. In 1850, Luanda was one of the largest cities and more developed in the vast Portuguese empire outside of continental Portugal, social Full Trade, export (Benguela) palm oil and groundnut, wax, resin, wood, ivory, cotton, coffee and cocoa and many other products. Maize snuff, dried meat and cassava flour also began to be produced locally. The Angolan bourgeoisie was born.

1920 to 1960, strong economic growth abundance of natural resources and infrastructure development is concerned, has led to the arrival of Portuguese settlers from the metropolis even more. The Portuguese discovered petroleum in Angola in 1955. Production began in the Kwanza basin, in the 1950's in the Congo Basin in the 1960's, and the enclave of Cabinda, in 1968. The Portuguese government had granted exploitation rights for the block Zero to the Cabinda Gulf Oil Company, a subsidiary of Chevron Texaco in 1955. Production Oil export has exceeded Angolan coffee exports in 1973. Year of Angola's oil production rate of thousands of barrels per day thousand meters Cu for 27 days 1974 172 1991 490 1995 635 101 2001 78 800 127 2006 1460 232 A coup led by military left the state, began April 25, 1974, in Lisbon overthrew Marcelo Caetano in Portugal, and pledged to hand power to an independent government of Angola. Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire, met Antonio Spnola of the transition from President of Portugal, 15 September 1974 on the island of Sal in Cape Verde, develop a plan to train Holden Roberto's National Front faction Liberation of Angola, Jonas Savimbi of UNITA, and Daniel Chipenda of the East, to the detriment of the MPLA Agostinho Neto, leader of the MPLA, while maintaining the facade of national unity. Mobutu wanted to present Chipenda Spnola head of MPLA, Mobutu including Net Chipenda preferring Chipenda supported autonomy for Cabinda. The enclave Angola has huge oil reserves estimated at 300 million tonnes (about 300,109 kg) including Zaire, and thus the Mobutu government, depended for economic survival. After thousands of white left independence from Portugal, of which land in Portugal and many travel in South Africa. It was a crisis immediately, because the indigenous African people the skills and knowledge needed to run the country and maintain its well developed infrastructure. The Angolan government created Sonangol, the state oil company in 1976. Two years later, Sonangol has received the rights to oil exploration and production throughout Angola. After independence from Portugal in 1975, Angola has been devastated by a terrible civil war between 1975 and 2002. In 1990, the United Nations Angola Verification Mission MONUA of USD1.5 billion spent monitoring the implementation of the Lusaka peace agreement of 1994 Protocol had not finally end the civil war. The protocol UNITA prohibits the purchase of foreign weapons, a provision of the United Nations largely did not apply, so that both sides have continued to build their inventories. UNITA purchased weapons in 1996 and 1997 from private sources in Albania and Bulgaria, and Zaire, South Africa, Republic of the Congo Faso, Zambia, Togo and Burkina Faso. In October 1997 the UN imposed sanctions on UNITA leaders travel, but United Nations expects that in July 1998 to limit exports of diamonds from UNITA and freeze bank accounts UNITA. While the U.S. government gave U.S. $ 250 UNITA, between 1986 and 1991, UNITA was USD1.72 billion between 1994 and 1999, exports of diamonds, Zaire mainly through Europe. At the same time, the government of Angola has received large quantities of weapons from the governments of Belarus, Brazil, Bulgaria, People's Republic China and South Africa. If there is no transfer of weapons to the government violated the protocol, no country has informed the United Nations Register on Conventional Weapons as necessary. Despite the increase in the civil war in 1998, the economy grew by 4% in 1999. The government introduced new currency denominations in 1999, including a note 1 and 5 of Kwanza. [Citation needed] the efforts of economic reform in 2000 was launched in 1998. [Citation needed] The economy of Angola ranking 160 out of 174 countries Index for the United Nations Human Development 2000. In April 2000, Angola started an International Monetary Fund (IMF) Staff Monitored Program (SMP). The program officially ended in June 2001, but the IMF remains committed. In this context, the Government of Angola has managed to unify the exchange rate and raised fuel electricity and water rates. Telecommunications Code of commerce, law, and foreign investment code is being updated. A privatization effort, prepared with World Bank assistance, the bank started with CHF. However, a legacy of financial mismanagement and corruption persists. [Citation needed] The war civil displaced 3.8 million people, 32% of the population by the year 2001. Safety introduced by the Regulation Paz in 2002 led to the relocation of four million people displaced, causing an increase in large scale agricultural production. [Citation needed Angola] has produced more than 3 million carats of diamonds a year in 2003, production should increase to 10 million carats by 2007. In 2004, the China Ex-Im Bank approved a $ 2 billion line of credit to Angola rebuilding infrastructure. The economy grew 18% in 2005 and growth should reach 26% in 2006 and remain above 10% for the rest of the decade. [Citation required] ChevronTexaco began to pump 50 KBBL / d (7910 ^ 3 m3 / d) of Block 14 in January 2000, but production fell to 57 KBBL / day (9110 ^ 3 m3 / D) in the quality of oil due to the poor in 2007. Angola joined the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Export January 1, 2007. Cabinda Gulf Oil Company, Malange-1, an oil field in Block 14 August 9, 2007. Description See also: Agriculture and Fisheries in Angola Angola national per capita GDP ranges from richest states in the north and south of the poorest states in the east. These World Bank figures, 2002 are translated into U.S. dollars. Despite its abundant natural resources, output per capita is among the lowest in the world. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 85% of the population. Oil production and support activities vital to the economy, contributing about 45% of GDP and 90% of exports. The growth is due almost exclusively to the production oil that exceeded 1.4 million barrels per day (22 010 ^ 3 m3 / d) in late 2005 and should reach 2 million barrels per day (32 010 ^ 3 m3 / d) 2007. The control of the oil industry is consolidated in Sonangol Group, a conglomerate owned by the government of Angola. With revenues booming from oil exports, the government started to implement ambitious development programs in the construction of roads and other basic infrastructure for the nation. [Citation needed] In the last decade of the colonial period, Angola was a food exporter in Africa, but now imports nearly all its food. Because of severe wartime conditions, including planting of landmines in the countryside, agricultural activities were brought to a standstill. Efforts to recover some have argued, however, especially in fishing. Coffee production, but a fraction of its pre-1975 level, is sufficient for domestic needs and export some. In stark contrast with a grim picture of the devastation of livelihoods and bore is booming oil production, now almost half of GDP and 90% of exports, 800,000 barrels per day (13 010 ^ 3 m3 / d). Diamonds always much income from Jonas Savimbi's UNITA rebels through illegal trade. Other rich resources awaiting development: gold, forest products, fisheries, iron ore, coffee and fruit [citation needed] This is a graph of the trend of nominal value. Angola's Gross Domestic Product market prices from International Monetary Fund data, the figures are in millions of units. The gross domestic product of the dollar Year per capita income (% U.S.) 1,980 6.33 1,985 4.46 1,990 4.42 1,995 1.58 2,000 5,066 14 9,135 Angola Kwanza 91 666 1.96 2005 28 860 Angolan Kwanza Angolan Kwanza 4.73 2515452 Trade Main article: Angola-United States relations exports in 2004 was U.S. $ 10,530,764,911. The vast majority of Angola's exports, 92% in 2004, are petroleum products. U.S. 785 million U.S. dollars the value of diamonds, 7.5% of exports sold abroad this year. Almost all the oil in Angola is the United States, 526 KBBL / d (83 610 ^ 3 m3 / d) in 2006, making it the largest supplier of oil to the Eighth United States and the Republic of China, 477 KBBL / d (75,810 m3 ^ 3 / D) in 2006. In the first quarter of 2008, Angola became the largest exporter of oil to China. The rest of its oil exports to Europe and America America. U.S. companies represent over half of investments in Angola, Chevron-Texaco in mind. U.S. exports of industrial goods and services, primarily equipment oil, mining, chemicals, aircraft and food, to Angola, while oil, mainly imported. [Citation needed] The trade between Angola and South Africa exceeded 300 million in 2007. oil resources in Angola and oil product exports more than any other country in Africa Sub-Saharan Nigeria in the early 2000. In January 2007, Angola became a member of OPEC. In 2010, production is expected to double the 2006 level of production with the development of oil fields in deep waters offshore. Oil sales generated USD 1.71 billion dollars in revenue in 2004 and now represents 80% of government budget, a 5% increase over 2003, and 45% of GDP. Chevron Corporation produces and receive 400 KBBL / day (6410 ^ 3 m3 / d), 27% oil Angola. Elf Oil, Texaco, Exxon Mobil, Agip, Petrobras, British Petroleum, and also operate in the country. zero block provides the bulk of production in Angola 370 KBBL crude oil / d (5910 ^ 3 m3 / d) are produced annually. Most large reservoirs are zero block Takula (zone A), Numbi (Area A), and Kokongo (Area B). ChevronTexaco operates the square with a market share of 39.2%. Sonangol, the state oil company, Total and ENI-Agip hold the rest of the block. ChevronTexaco also operates the first production in Angola's deepwater Block 14, with 57 KBBL / day (9110 ^ 3 m3 / d). The United Nations has criticized the government of Angola for use of torture, rape, summary executions, arbitrary detentions and disappearances, which shares the Angolan government has justified the need to maintain production oil. Angola is the third largest trading partner of the United States in sub-Saharan Africa, due mainly to its oil exports. Imports from United States 7% of its oil from Angola, about three times more than imports from Kuwait, just before the Gulf War in 1991. The U.S. government has invested U.S. $ 4 billion dollars in the oil sector in Angola. Diamonds article: Mining in Angola Angola is the third largest diamond producer in Africa and only has explored 40% of the diamond-rich territory in the country, but has had trouble attracting foreign investment due to corruption, rights violations and human smuggling diamonds. Production has increased 30% in 2006 and Endiama, the national airline of diamonds from Angola, states that production should increase by 8% in 2007 to 10 million carats a year. The government is trying to attract foreign companies in the provinces of Bi, Malange and Uge. The Angolan government loses 375 million U.S. dollars annually from diamond smuggling. In 2003 the government launched Operation Brilliant, an anti-contraband smugglers arrested and deported 250 000 between 2003 and 2006. Rafael Marques, a journalist and human rights activist, described the diamond industry in its 2006 Report of Angola diamonds beset mortal "Killings, beatings, arbitrary detentions. And other human rights violations" Marks has called on foreign countries to boycott Angolan diamonds the conflict "iron main article. Mining Portuguese rule in Angola, Angola has started iron ore in 1957, producing 1.2 million tonnes in 1967 and 6.2 million tons in 1971. In the 1970's, 70% of exports of iron Portuguese in Angola was awarded to Western Europe and Japan. After independence in 1975, the Angolan civil war (1975-2002) destroyed most of the mining infrastructure planning. The refurbishment of mining in Angola began in the 2000's later. Other readings McCormick, Shawn H. Angola's economy: Growth prospects in a post-war 1994. The OECD, the International Agency Energy. Angola: Towards an Energy Strategy 2006. ^ CIA World Factbook Angola Abcde References ^ abcd Refslund Birgitte Sørensen and Marc Vincent. Caught between Borders: Strategies response to IDPs, 2001. Page 17. ^ Abcdef Angola Energy Information Administration ^ ab Tvedten, Inge. Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction 1997. Page 82. Ab ^ OECD, International Energy Agency. Angola: Towards an Energy Strategy 2006. Page 19. ^ Erik P. Hoffmann and Frederic J. Fleron. The conduct of Soviet foreign policy in 1980. Page 524. ^ Vine, Alex. collapse Angola: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process 1999. Human Rights Watch. Africa ^: Mining – Diamond Mining ^ Mbendi China grants another 2 billion of private loans ^ National Agency for Chevron in Angola Block 14 is successful again ^ Report Rigzone times for some countries and issues, April 2006. ^ International Monetary Fund, 99.4% of Angola's exports are oil, diamonds Afrol News ^ Angola rises in Saudi Arabia as the largest supplier of oil to China ^ value of Bloomberg Angola-South Africa is over 300 million dollars per year MacauHub ^ OECD (2006). Page 30. ^ OECD (2006). Page 132. ^ Omeje, Kenneth C. High issues and stakeholders: oil conflicts and security Nigeria, 2006. Page 157. ^ United States Congress. Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Loan Programs for 1998: Hearings, 1997. Page 269. ^ Vine, Alex. collapse Angola: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process 1999. Human Rights Watch. Page 189. ^ Angola: U.S. should strengthen ties with the protection strategic interests and energy security of the Council on Foreign Relations through ab ^ AllAfrica Angola wants foreign investors for sector diamonds, July 26, 2007. Reuters ^ Angola to double its production of diamonds in 2006 afrol News Links economy Angola, business information Open Directory Project Angola Angola ved general Mbendi Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Algeria Angola Ecuador Iran Iraq Kuwait Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates Venezuela's economy is sovereign Africa Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of Congo Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Gabon, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana Egypt1 Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Somalia, Nigeria, Rwanda So Tom and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe States to limit recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somalia Dependencies, autonomies, other territories Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla / Places of Sovereign (Spain), Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Runion (France) Puntland (Somalia) St. Helena Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) in southern Sudan (Sudan), Zanzibar (Tanzania) a transcontinental country. Categories: African Union economies | Economy of Angola | Categories of blood diamondsHidden OPEC | | World Trade Organization member economies: Articles containing potentially statements 2008 | All articles containing potentially dated statements | Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2003 | Articles that contain potentially dated statements from 2001 | Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005 | Articles containing potentially dated statements Articles related in July 2007 | 2006 | Articles containing potentially dated statements from 1999 | All articles

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