Another version of the history of Chinese silk
The silk fabrics excavated first known in China dates back to 3630 BC, the first pseudo morphs (impressions left by tissue in bronze or jade textiles) or pattern of the date of the Shang Dynasty (16 to 11 century BC). In the United Affairs periods of the Han Dynasty (475 BC-220 around AD), richly embroidered textiles reasons jin (1), embroidered mesh were complex and closely All current production, craftsmanship and technical accomplishment amaze modern viewers.
Trade along the Silk Road, which began in the Han dynasty and reached its zenith in the fifth through the 12th century EC has created an environment where the Chinese culture interacted with the tastes of consumers in faraway countries such as Iran and Rome. Weavers from certain ethnic groups, including a Han Chinese and Central Asia (the Uighur, Sogdian, and others) all produced textiles in different styles of silk. Formerly nomadic ruling dynasties, as the Liao (907-1125), incorporated imagery of hunting and nature of gold brocade-like textiles. Kesi (silk tapestry weaving) became the perfect vehicle for aesthetic China during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) in textiles That Are Phoenix and peony motifs or which emulate the traditional styles of Chinese brush painting (3). During Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, court dress, the insignia of his rank and Buddhist and Daoist Kesi have been used to describe the status and wealth, and express religious devotion.
Typical of Chinese courtly garments are the large clouds, dragons feet, legs, clutch most of the clothes stamped imperial family. The dragons clutch the jewels, which is carried out, sometimes they are surrounded by front and rear with extra large, gold-writing, some reading shou (longevity). Other adorned with the swastika, meaning "ten thousand", and combine to form a popular birthday wish for longevity. This symbolism indicates these guys clothes for the occasion like a birthday. The red color is very popular and became the color of the Ming Dynasty, which suggests the owner of these items would be a woman of the imperial family.
According to Confucius, it was in 2640 BC the Chinese princess Xi Ling Shi was the first in a cocoon of silk bobbins that, according to legend, also fell into his cup of tea. From that moment Historically, the Chinese discovered the life cycle of silkworms for 3000 years were to maintain their monopoly of silk.
In the Third Century BC, Chinese silk began to find his way through Asia and were transported by land to the west, and sea routes to Japan long as the Silk Road. It was in Asia that the Romans discovered these wondrous fabrics but they knew nothing of their origin.
In 552 AD, Emperor Justinian sent two monks on a mission in Asia, and returned with Byzantium silkworm eggs hidden inside their bamboo walking. (The earliest known example of industrial espionage!). Therefore, sericulture spread throughout Asia Minor and Greece.
In the seventh century the Arabs conquered Persia, capturing their magnificent silks in the process, and helped to spread sericulture and silk weaving as it swept victoriously through Africa, Sicily and Spain. In the 10th century, Andalusia was the main center for silk producers in Europe.
Then the Crusaders, the formation of the Mongolian Empire travels of Marco Polo China has led to the development of trade between East and West, and an increasing use of silk. Thus, Italy has launched a silk industry in the 12th century.
In the period 1450-1466, Lyon became a major warehouse for foreign silks, but these imports caused a harmful outflow of capital, and in 1466 Louis XI declared his intention to "bring art and art of making gold and silk fabrics in our city of Lyon.
Later, in 1536, I gave Lyon the monopoly Frans Imports and trade of silk, which makes the creation of the silk industry of Lyon.
The next important event in the development industry Silk was the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. The French Huguenots, again subject to religious persecution, fled the country in large numbers. Many Huguenots throwsters and weavers were experts, and have contributed very significantly to the development of silk industry in Germany, Britain, Italy and Switzerland.
Along the 18th Century, silk continued to prosper in Europe, Japan and China in particular. European missionaries to China reported that "even the simplest soldiers are dressed in silk."
In 1804, Jacquard developed the method for the production of textile fabrics by the use of punch cards. It was a revolution in weaving techniques and given a strong impetus to the creation of the silk industry in Lyon and then in other European countries.
The 19th century is characterized by two contradictory trends: the increase of mechanization and the consequent increase in productivity in the silk industry on the one hand, and second, the beginning of the decline of European sericulture in the last quarter century. As of 1872, and the opening of the Suez Canal, raw silk imported from Japan became more competitive, thanks also to progress Japan in the winding techniques. The rapid industrialization of Europe silk producing countries, notably France, led to the transfer of labor agriculture to cities and towns. Diseases affecting the silkworm, although overcome Pasteur, made of silk rearing a less reliable source of income. And the fibers first synthetic have begun to make inroads into markets traditionally reserved for silk.
The 20th century, when European sericulture continued its slow decline, silk industry has maintained a strong position through its technical innovations and the development of silk blended with other fibers.
The most important change the day, World War II. supplies of raw silk from Japan were reduced and the synthesis of new fibers captured many of silk markets, such as means and parachutes. This interruption in silk activity in Europe and the United States dealt a mortal blow European sericulture.
After the war, Japan returned her silk production, with much better reeling, inspection and classification of its silk. Japan should remain the world's largest producer of silk raw, and practically the only major exporter of raw silk, until 1970. After China, thanks to a remarkable effort of organization and planning, little soon regained its historical position as the leading producer and exporter of raw silk. In 1985, world production of raw silk was about 56000 tonnes (the same in 1938) with more than 50% manufactured in China.
Other major producers are Japan, India, the USSR, the Republic of Korea and Brazil. The silk is still produced in small amounts in many other countries and several developing countries are studying new projects in sericulture.
About the Author
Himfr Ivy is a scholar, focusing his research on Chinese cultures. If you are interested in purchasing
China textile
, please visit
www.himfr.com
.
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